Duplex

At a granular level, duplex is roughly a 50:50 mix of austenite and ferrite and displays the properties of both. Typically, it is twice as strong as regular austenitic steels and, in a lot of cases, tougher than ferritic. It has high corrosion resistance. However, it is often difficult to cut duplex sheets into desired shapes and sizes owing to their toughness. Besides, they are not quite as easy to weld as austenitic steels. Applications would include cargo tanks, stainless steel pipes and tubes, heat exchangers, digesters, biofuel plants.

Precipitation hardened

Austenitic and martensitic steels are “precipitation hardened” by applying a series of heat treatments to make them stronger, tougher, and highly corrosion resistant. Austenitic steel is heated to less than 2050°F, then cooled slowly. It is next reheated, and during this treatment precipitates like copper, aluminium, and titanium are added to enhance corrosion resistance. Martensitic stainless steels are also precipitation hardened via a similar process. The difference is that these are heated to less than 1950°F. Its applications include Nuclear waste casks, aerospace engine components, turbine blades, gears.

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